Few of the Island's 20,000 Northern Rockhopper penguins Are Expected to Survive
On March 16, 2011 the freighter M.S. Oliva ran aground near Nightingale Island in the far South Atlantic, seriously threatening the endangered penquin population of the island and the World Heritage site atoll it is part of. The Maltese-flagged ship dumped 800 tons of heavy fuel oil into the waters surrounding the island and will leak the other 800 tons slowly.

The Tristan de Cunha archipelago, which includes Nightingale, has some 200,000 penguins, among them half of the known population of the northern rockhopper penguins. An estimated 20,000 of the rockhoppers, an endangered species whose numbers have plummeted in recent years, have been coated with oil from the accident.
Nightingale Island is or was home to the second largest sea bird population in the world, including the largest concentration of Great Shearwaters in the world. The Northern Rockhopper Penguins are found only in this archepelego. Also found in the archepelego are 20,000 pairs of albatrosses including the yellow nose albatross, and 2,000,000 pairs of Broadbill prions. The island is also home to the highly-endangered Tristan Bunting. Only 50 pairs remain in the world, all of which are found on Nightingale Island.